Two-tailed Lizards (Scincidae) are uniquely named for their enigmatic “two-tailed” appearance, a defensive adaptation involving caudal autotomy. These cryptozoic, nocturnal lizards exhibit remarkable bipedalism, aiding in their locomotion and adaptation to diverse environments. Their insectivorous diet plays a significant trophic role, while their oviparous reproduction and strong diurnal variation influence their activity patterns. As part of the Squamata order, they share a connection to Primates through bipedalism, highlighting their evolutionary importance. Their ecological services and conservation status underscore their vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance and providing insights into evolutionary processes.